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ex-libris THE WORLD OF EX-LIBRIS |
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A historical retrospective 2 EX-LIBRIS FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO DECADENCE 1700 -1860 |
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2d BRITISH HERALDIC EX-LIBRIS 1700-1800
Few European countries show such a linear evolution of heraldic
and decorative styles as Britain. This is perhaps due to its geography
as an island, and consequently to a slower penetration of outside
influences, as well as to British artists’ quite wilful tendency
to ‘do their own thing’. There is, however, an obvious link between
British rococo and French ‘rocaille’, as well as other stylistic
patterns. One factor which must not be neglected is the influence
of travel on taste – not only the travels of artists, who often did a
‘grand tour’ or at least a trip to Italy, but those of potential customers
for bookplates. Another factor is that eighteenth century
bookplates – in the main – were the work of craftsmen who had
workshops where anyone with a library could order a bookplate,
rather than that of artists who occasionally did an ex-libris for a
special customer or a friend. Such workshops had to be fashionable
to attract customers, and were much influenced by the general
trends set in decorative arts by the ‘lions’ such as Chippendale,
Hepplewhite, Nash, etc. The pieces shown here are sim-ply
exceptionally fine and elaborate examples of such ex-libris. If
some collectors in Europe tend to look down on British bookplates,
it is because they most often come accross monotonous
nineteenth century spade shields. The ex-libris shown here are of
comparable beauty and quality to any produced in eighteenth
century Europe.
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2d/1. Workshop of William Jackson (GB) PAUL JODRELL,
C2, 165 x 130, c.1700. F 16507.
Viz. BNL # 33, Griggs 1, #46. William Jackson (fl.1695-1715) at his London workshop established widespread bookplate usage in England, partly by seeking clients (see 1e/9 and 1e/10). Early Armorials in large and small size were undertaken< this, one of the largest, was for Paul Jodrell (1646-1728), Clerk then Speaker of the Commons. Square shields, rich mantling and inscriptional scrolls are typical of the Early Armorial at its best. |
2d/2. Workshop of William Jackson (GB) MARGRET
MASSINGBERD, C2, 80 x 65, 1704. F 19942.
Viz. Labouchére p. 10,
Hamilton p. 33.
Jackson worked concurrently in the Jacobean style, represented here by the handsome and decorative lozenge armorial. Its owner was surely of the kin of Burrell Massingberd of South Ormesby, Lincolnshire, who also had a plate from the workshop. |
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2d/3. ?(GB) JOHN REILLY, C2, 127 x 75 (trimmed), c.1720.
F 24801/24802.
Viz Warren, pp.16-17.
This most handsome and elaborate Jacobean ex-libris, with pillars, eagles and cornucopiae, apparently belonged to John Reilly (or O’Reilly, † 1767), son and heir of Miles Reilly, of Dublin, and shows Irish bookplate-making at its best. He was admitted to Middle Temple in 1722. Warren misjudges its date badly. |
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2d/4 ?(GB) THOMAS, EARL OF STRATFORD, C2, 132 x 81, 1712.
F 31318.
Viz. Griggs 1, 51.
An elaborate Jacobean armorial with probably the most ambitious inscription of any British bookplate. It superseded his bookplates of 1698, 1703 and 1705. Thomas Wentworth, whom Lord Hervey called a loquacious, rich, illiterate, cold, tedious, constant haranguer, had the pride to go on singing his own praise and the unwisdom to die ignominiously as a result of sea-bathing. |
2d/5 ?(GB) HENRY, DUKE OF KENT, C2, 121 x 94, 1713.
F 12828.
Viz. BNL, p.7.
Henry Grey (†1741) was 12th Earl, then Marquess, then Duke of Kent. His was a ‘bookplate’ family. As Duke he used four finely-engraved plates> this and a smaller one of 1713, and plates in two sizes of 1733. Others belonged to his first wife, Jemima, his father, and his son and daughter-in-law, the Earl and Countess of Harold. |
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2d/6. ?(GB) SIR GODFREY COPLEY, BART., C2, 122 x 93,
c.1705.
Viz. BPSN, March 1979.
This handsome Jacobean armorial belonged to the 2nd and last Baronet of Sprotborough, Yorkshire (c.1653-1709) of the first creation. A Member of Parliament and Fellow of the Royal Society (the Society’s Copley Medal is named after him), the impaled arms are those of his second wife, Gertrude, whom he married in 1700. |
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2d/7. ?(GB) SIR FRANCIS FUST, C3, 170 x 95, c.1730.
F 11497.
Viz. BNL #47.
This Jacobean is an example of an armorial with a misleading date, for it records the baronetcy’s creation, but was not engraved before 1728 when Sir Francis (†1769) became 5th Baronet. The largest of three different-sized ex-libris he used, he seems to have put one of the smaller plates in the front of books and the large one at the back. This size also occurs in red and in black without motto, but the only prints of these seen were in the de Tabley Collection. Genealogists would be aware that when Sir Francis could not find a real ancestor he invented one. |
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2d/8. George Vertue (GB, 1684-1756) MAURICE JOHNSON,
C3, 84 x 150, 1744. F 16550.
Viz. BPSN, June 1979.
The antiquary Maurice Johnson (1688-1755) was founder and
secretary for 35 years of the Gentlemen’s Society at Spalding (see
2e/11), and librarian of the Society of Antiquaries. Vertue was
official engraver to the latter and a member of the Gentlemen’s
Society from 1728. Despite this bookplate’s given date it was
engraved in 1744, and the original sketches for it are in the Franks
Collection (F16553).
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2d/9. Simon Wale (GB) HENRIETTA LOUISE JEFFREYS.
CONTESS OF POMFRET, C3, 93 x 158, c.1740. F 10402.
Viz. BPSN, June, 1979.
This is the largest of three ex-libris used by Henrietta Fermor
(†1761), daughter and heiress of John, Lord Jeffreys, son of the
judge of that name, infamous for his harshness. She married
Thomas Fermor, 1st Earl of Pomfret in 1720 and was lady of the
Bedchamber to Queen Caroline from 1713 to 1737.
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2d/10. ? (GB) ROBERT DINWIDDIE, C3, 106 x 79, c.1760,
F 8694.
Viz. Allen, pp. 53-4 & 192.
Dinwiddie (1690-1770), Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, 1751-58, used this Chippendale with fanciful arms. A very scarce plate, undoubtedly of English workmanship, its arms comprise an Indian shooting deer and a view of a harbour with fort and boat. The copper was later altered to read Lawr. Dinwiddie. |
2d/11. ? (GB) PEPPERELL, C2, 101 x 73, c.1750. F 23248.
Viz.
Allen, #664< Howard’s Baronets, 71.
This shows the Chippendale in its more fulsome mature manifestation. With time a heavy ornateness grew in the style, and pictorial excrescences such as kilted shepherdesses, sheep, cherubs, dragons and trees, etc. occurred severally or singly. This plate, though for an American, is of English workmanship. It probably belonged to Sir William Pepperell (†1759), of Massachussetts, or maybe to his grandson, who became baronet in 1774. |
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2d/12. ? (GB) DONNE, C3, 152 x 116, c.1765. F 8862.
This is one of the rarest and most extraordinary Chippendale armorials extant, and needs yet to be fully investigated. It suggests an overseas trading or seafaring career, and it is interesting to note that pieces of such artistic merit have until now eluded research. |
2d/13. W. Jackson (GB) ROBERT BLOOMFIELD, C3, 118 x 79,
c.1813, F 2867.
Viz. BNL # 82. Griggs 1, 83.
The only bookplate bearing the signature of W. Jackson, of Gutter Lane, London. Bloomfield (1766-1823), the poverty-stricken poet and shoemaker by this composition expresses his scorn for heralds, choosing fun-subjects for his arms. An earlier and differently-handled version is unsigned and undated and there is another dated 1812, both immensely rare. |